Okay, I've reviewed your description and the conditions you've outlined. Here's my assessment, considering relevant NEC definitions and common interpretations

My Opinion: Likely a Damp Location, and potentially problematic depending on the MC cable type and installation details.

Here's the reasoning:1. NEC Definition of Damp Location

NEC Article 100 defines a damp location as "Locations protected from weather and not subject to saturation with water or other liquids but subject to moderate degrees of moisture."2.

Application to Breezeway

Your description strongly suggests a damp location:

Protected from Weather (Generally)

The roof provides some protection from direct rain and snow.

Not Subject to Saturation (Typically)

Unless there's a catastrophic roof failure, the breezeway shouldn't be saturated with water.

Subject to Moderate Moisture

Here's the key. A breezeway, especially one that's always open to the elements, is very likely to experience moderate moisture. Consider:

Humidity

Open to outside air, the breezeway will experience humidity swings, leading to condensation on surfaces, especially metal (like MC cable).

Rain/Snow Blow-In

Even with a roof, wind-driven rain or snow can easily blow into the breezeway.

Temperature Fluctuations

Temperature changes create condensation.3.

Code Compliance Issues with MC Cable

Whether this installation is compliant depends on:

Type of MC Cable



Standard MC Cable

Generally, standard MC cable (with the aluminum or steel jacket) is

NOT rated for wet or damp locations. Prolonged exposure to moisture will lead to corrosion of the jacket and internal conductors over time. MC Cable Rated for Wet Locations (e.g., MC-HL)

Some MC cables are specifically designed and listed for wet locations (e.g., MC-HL). These have a jacket and conductor insulation resistant to moisture.

IF the MC cable is specifically marked as suitable for wet or damp locations, it might be acceptable (see installation details below). Installation Details

Even with MC cable rated for damp/wet locations, proper installation is crucial:

Connectors

The connectors used to terminate the MC cable MUST be rated for damp/wet locations to prevent moisture ingress into the electrical box. Standard MC connectors are typically NOT suitable.

Box

Is the box rated for damp locations?

Support

Is the MC Cable Properly supported?4.

The Hole

The unsealed hole significantly increases the risk of water and moisture intrusion, making the situation even worse. That hole needs to be properly sealed regardless of the MC cable type.

Recommendations


Identify the MC Cable Type

Look closely at the markings printed along the cable jacket. The markings will indicate whether it's rated for wet/damp locations (e.g., MC-HL). This is the FIRST thing to check.2.

Inspect Connectors and Box

Are the connectors and junction box rated for damp/wet locations?3.

Seal the Hole

Regardless of the cable type, seal the large hole immediately. Use a suitable sealant and backer rod to prevent water and insects from entering.4.

If Standard MC Cable

If it's standard MC cable (not rated for wet/damp locations), it should be replaced with a wiring method suitable for damp locations, such as:

MC-HL Cable

If you want to use MC Cable.

RMC or EMT conduit

If properly installed with listed fittings, these provide good protection.

Wiring method approved for wet location5. Consult a Qualified Electrician

It's best to have a licensed electrician assess the situation, verify the cable type, and recommend the appropriate corrective action. They can ensure compliance with local codes.

In Summary:

Given the likely exposure to humidity and potential for wind-blown rain, the breezeway is likely a damp location. Standard MC cable is not suitable. If the MC cable is not rated for a wet or damp location, it needs to be replaced with an appropriate wiring method. Proper connectors and enclosures need to be used. The hole needs to be sealed. Consult with a licensed electrician for the best solution. Flag for review