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Topic: Just don't seem right

User: Codearama, Location: Florida

Asked on: Thursday, January 23, 2025 at 7:31 pm EST
Answered on: Thursday, March 6, 2025 at 7:44 am EST

Question: Dealing with hurricane flood damage from Helene in Florida. 3 foot high mobile home park pedestals were submerged and are being replaced by 5 foot high ones. The originals had 1/0 aluminum direct burial utility conductors in to meter base and 1/0 aluminum out to disconnect breaker on the pedestal. That breaker and after I believe is considered service equipment and for certain is the homeowners responsibility. The size of the pedestal breaker ranges in the park from 30A on old single wides to 200A on modern double wides.On the replacement pedestals the contractor is crimping 2 AWG onto the 1/0 underground to meter base. Then out of meter base to service breaker on pedestal with the same #2 AGW. That load supply is now 100A. That leaves anyone with a mismatch of either too small conductor into the mobile and anyone with a demand higher than 100A unable to be approved by inspector to be connected.This is a 300 unit park and I estimate 100 or more are still without power from September storm. I can't find any code that's being broken to help residents out.What yall think besides "Just don't seem right"

You're right, this situation is a mess. Here's a breakdown of the problems, relevant code sections, and potential solutions.

The Problems1. Undersized Conductors (2 AWG Aluminum) for 100A Service

2 AWG aluminum is not generally sufficient for a 100A service. The 2023 NEC (National Electrical Code) Table 310.16 (or its equivalent in your state's adopted code) shows that 2 AWG aluminum conductors are typically only rated for 75A at 75°C termination temperature. While specific circumstances could allow a higher ampacity (derating, correction factors, or a specific termination rating), it's highly unlikely that the 2 AWG is adequate for the new 100A service breaker especially if the old installations were properly sized with 1/0 aluminum.2.

Mismatched Ampacity

The contractor is essentially limiting the entire pedestal's service to 100A, regardless of the original size of the downstream breaker. This creates two significant problems:

Homes Needing > 100A

Modern double-wide mobile homes can easily require more than 100A. They'll be starved for power, potentially leading to nuisance tripping, overloaded circuits inside the home, and safety hazards.


Homes Previously Served by > 100A Breakers

Replacing a 200A service with a 100A service is a huge downgrade. Even if the home doesn't constantly draw 200A, the larger breaker likely served a critical role in protecting against faults in higher-demand appliances.

Homes Originally Smaller than 100A

Homes with 30A or 60A services will get a 100A feed, but they could likely get away with that.3.

Crimped Connections

While crimped connections
can be done correctly, they are a potential failure point, especially with dissimilar metals (connecting copper to aluminum is a common problem). The proper tools and trained personnel are required. If not done correctly, they can lead to loose connections, arcing, and fire hazards. Also, proper "Al/Cu" rated connectors are needed.4.

Code Violations (Likely)

While you haven't specifically found a code being broken, the undersized conductors
are likely a violation of NEC Article 310 and 225.39. Also, see section 110.3(B) on using listed and labeled equipment. The fact that the inspector is holding up approval based on this, means they agree that there are likely code violations.
5.


Safety Hazard

All of the above contribute to a significant safety hazard. Overloaded circuits, undersized conductors, and faulty connections increase the risk of fire.

Relevant Code Sections (2023 NEC - Check your local adoption)
Article 110: Requirements for Electrical Installations 110.3(B) Examination, Identification, Installation, and Use of Equipment

"Listed or labeled equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with any instructions included in the listing or labeling." The conductors and breakers must be used within their listed ampacity.


110.14(C)(1)(a) Termination provisions

Conductors must be terminated properly and at their correct temperature rating.

Article 225: Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders
225.39 (A) Feeder or Service Capacity The size of the feeder (the conductors feeding the pedestal) must be adequate for the load. Article 230: Services 230.42 Minimum Size and Rating

Service conductors must have an ampacity not less than the load served.

Article 310: Conductors for General Wiring
310.16 Ampacities for Conductors Rated 0–2000 Volts

This table dictates the ampacity of conductors based on size and insulation type. This is a key reference point.

310.15: Ampacity of Conductors
This section covers how to determine the ampacity of conductors, including derating and correction factors. Article 550: Mobile Homes, Manufactured Homes, and Mobile Home Parks 550.32 (A)

Service equipment shall be located within sight from and not more than 30 ft from the exterior wall of the mobile home it serves. This likely influences the pedestal setup.


550.32 (B)

Size of Service. The size of the feeder shall not be less than 100 amperes

550.32 (C)

Service Disconnecting Means. A disconnecting means shall be provided in each mobile home lot.

What to Do
1. Document Everything

Take pictures of the conductors, breakers, connections, and any labeling. Document the voltage, amperage, and other relevant information from the equipment.2.

Involve the Inspector

The inspector is your ally here. They clearly see the problem. Work
with them to find a solution that's both safe and code-compliant. Ask for specific code references that are being violated. Their expertise is crucial.3.

Demand Justification from the Contractor

Ask the contractor (in writing) to provide the calculations and code references that justify the use of 2 AWG aluminum for a 100A service. Make them prove it's compliant. Chances are, they can't.4.

Consider an Independent Electrical Engineer

For a project of this scale, involving a licensed electrical engineer is a good idea. They can perform load calculations for the park, design a safe and compliant electrical system, and provide documentation for the inspector and utility company. This is likely the best path to take on such a large scale project.5.

Explore Temporary Solutions (Carefully)

If homes are without power, explore temporary solutions with the inspector's approval. This might involve temporary generators or qualified temporary connections to existing services,
only if done safely and to code. This is a last resort if all else fails.6.

Consult with Utility Company

The utility company may have specific requirements for service connections. Consult with them to ensure that the upgrades meet their standards.7.

Escalate the Issue

This may be the only way to get some sort of resolution. It sounds like the residents are being taking advantage of and it needs to be investigated by outside entities.8.

Homeowners Insurance

If the damage from the storm is to blame for this, the homeowners insurance company may be able to assist in finding another licensed electrician.9.

Demand Accountability

The contractor is responsible for ensuring their work meets code and provides a safe electrical system. This includes the owner of the mobile home park. They can't just install whatever is cheapest.

Possible Solutions (Depending on the Situation)
Replace the 2 AWG Aluminum

The most likely solution is to replace the undersized conductors with properly sized conductors (most likely 1/0 Aluminum again, or possibly larger, depending on load calculations).

Reduce Breaker Size (Only If Justified)

If a thorough load calculation for a
specific mobile home proves that 100A is sufficient, the breaker size could be reduced. However, this is unlikely for modern double-wides.

Upgrade the Entire Infrastructure

The best long-term solution might be to upgrade the entire electrical infrastructure of the park, including the underground feeders, pedestals, and potentially even the service entrance equipment.

In Summary


The contractor's solution is a shortcut that creates significant safety hazards and code violations. Advocate strongly for a proper solution, involving the inspector, and potentially an electrical engineer. The safety of the residents is paramount. Flag for review

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