User: LatentEnergySolutions, Location: Toledo
Asked on: Thursday, February 6, 2025 at 5:15 pm EST
Answered on: Thursday, March 6, 2025 at 8:22 am EST
Question: I have an 8kW SolarEdge install for a service company. They want battery backup primarily for their onsite server and furnace. However, they also need to be able to operate their garage doors, and other minor loads, that would be minimal drain on the battery. The only things they don't want to be able to run are automatic high loads like the Air Conditioner (50A) and Hot Water (electric 30A). They need the opposite of a critical loads panel. Isolate the couple of circuits that should NOT be available in backup.I misunderstood Shunt Breakers and thought they would provide fail-safe disconnect in the event of loss of signal (grid 120V). I bought some and funny thing, they kept tripping when provided 120V. I am looking for something that simple and self contained that will disrupt power to it's circuit when the grid is down.I have considered using SolarEdge Load Controller to turn off devices during backup, but it seems excessively complicated in operation and equipment for such a simple function. Both circuits would need a matching rated contacter, housing, mounting location, wiring... Maybe I can use the Load Controller to trip the Shunt Breaker?Is there a more straight forward component? A breaker that has to be manually reset after loss of power?
You've correctly identified that a standard shunt trip breaker won't work for your application. They're designed to be tripped when power is applied, not to disconnect when power is lost.Here's a breakdown of the problem and some potential solutions, ranked from simplest to more complex
The Core Problem:
You need a device that automatically cuts power to specific circuits when grid power fails, and restores power to those circuits when grid power returns. It needs to be fail-safe and simple.
Solutions
1.
Normally Closed (NC) Relay with a Power Supply
This is likely the simplest and most reliable solution.
Components
Normally Closed (NC) Relay
Choose a relay with a coil voltage that matches a readily available low-voltage DC power supply (e.g., 12VDC or 24VDC). The relay contacts need to be rated for the voltage and current of the circuits you want to disconnect (120VAC, at least 50A for the AC and 30A for the Water Heater would be best, but you could parallel multiple relays if needed for the current rating).
Low-Voltage DC Power Supply
A small, reliable power supply that outputs the DC voltage required by the relay coil. Choose one that is UL-listed.
Enclosure
A suitable enclosure to house the relay and power supply for safety and weather protection.
Wiring
Connect the DC power supply to a grid-tied circuit (the main panel, before any battery backup system). This is crucial. Wire the AC input of the water heater and AC compressor through the NC contacts of the relay. The relay is designed to pass power when it is NOT energized. If the grid fails, the power supply will loose power, de-energizing the coil of the relay and the circuit will open, cutting power to the AC and water heater circuits. If the DC power supply can handle it (usually the case with low-draw controllers), use the 120VAC input signal on the SolarEdge Load Controller as a signal to turn on the DC power supply. This would disable both loads during a backup, but might work as an interim measure.
How it Works
When grid power is present, the DC power supply provides power to the relay coil. The relay is ENERGIZED, keeping its NC contacts OPEN (which passes power through to the circuits connected to the AC and Water Heater). When grid power fails, the DC power supply loses power. The relay DE-ENERGIZES, and its NC contacts CLOSE, cutting power to the AC and Water Heater circuits. When grid power returns, the DC power supply powers back up, energizing the relay, re-opening its NC contacts, and restoring power to the AC and Water Heater circuits.
Advantages
Simple and Reliable
Minimal components, easy to understand, inherently fail-safe. If the power supply fails, the relay will drop out and disconnect the circuits.
Cost-Effective
Relays and power supplies are relatively inexpensive.
Fail-Safe
If the power supply or relay fails, the circuits are automatically disconnected.
Disadvantages
Requires a bit of wiring. Need to select the correct relay (voltage, current rating, NC configuration). Requires an enclosure.2.
NO Relay, Manually Switched
Components
A normal AC relay A 120VAC 100A breaker.
Wiring
When grid power is present, the power to the water heater and compressor is routed from the breaker through the NO contacts of the relay. When the grid goes down, someone manually deactivates the breaker. When grid power returns, they manually reactivate the breaker.
Advantages
Simple and Cost-Effective
Disadvantages
Requires someone to be on-site during the power outage and to remember to reactivate the breaker Not Fail-Safe3.
Motorized Breaker (with reverse logic)
A motorized breaker that closes on loss of power. You would need to make sure that it would always open on a return of grid power.
Components
A Motorized Breaker.
Wiring
When grid power is present, the circuit is open and the water heater and AC will not work.
Advantages
Automated and reasonably simple.
Disadvantages
Requires an enclosure. Complex implementation Can easily become dangerous with wrong wiring. May not be very cost effective.
Why not the Load Controller + Shunt Trip? While technically feasible, it's overly complex. The Load Controller is designed for more sophisticated load management, and using it to just trip a shunt breaker for these two circuits is overkill. It's adding unnecessary points of failure and complexity.
Important Safety Considerations
Licensed Electrician
All electrical work MUST be performed by a qualified and licensed electrician in accordance with local codes. This is not a DIY project.
Proper Wire Sizing
Ensure all wiring is correctly sized for the amperage of the circuits.
Enclosures
Use properly rated enclosures for all components to protect against electrical hazards and environmental conditions.*
Testing
Thoroughly test the system after installation to ensure it functions correctly and safely.
Recommendation
I strongly recommend the
Normally Closed Relay with a Power Supply solution. It's the simplest, most reliable, and inherently fail-safe option for your needs. Work with a qualified electrician to select the appropriate components and perform the installation. Flag for review