You've identified a key challenge with applying NEC 230.67 to a multi-meter situation. Here's a breakdown of the issue and common solutions

Understanding the Code and the Problem
NEC 230.67 (2020 and later editions)

Requires a surge protective device (SPD) to be installed in service equipment supplying dwelling units. This aims to protect sensitive electronics within the homes.

Your Situation

The 2000A switchboard is the service equipment supplying the residential units (via meter banks). Therefore, 230.67 applies.

The Dilemma

The switchboard itself is unmetered. You're concerned about connecting an SPD to an unmetered section, which could be a problem with the utility company.

Where to Install the SPD

There are a few acceptable options, each with considerations:1. SPD in the 2000A Service Switchboard (Section 1)



Pros

Directly protects the entire downstream system. Simplifies installation (one point).

Cons

It's unmetered.

Crucially, you must consult with the utility company before doing this. They may have very specific requirements or prohibitions against connecting anything to unmetered sections of service equipment. The utility may want it connected on their side of the meter. Mitigation

If the utility allows connection in the unmetered section, get written approval. Make sure the SPD is properly sized for the 2000A service and has a short-circuit current rating (SCCR) adequate for the available fault current.

Code Considerations

If installed here, the SPD effectively protects everything downstream, potentially satisfying the 230.67 requirement in one location.
2.

SPDs at Each 800A Switch (Section 2)



Pros

Easier to get utility approval, because it's downstream of the service disconnect but before the individual meter banks (i.e., it's technically "customer-side").

Cons

More expensive (four SPDs instead of one). Requires more space within the switchboard. If one SPD fails, only that meter bank is unprotected. May require careful coordination of SPD characteristics (voltage protection level, SCCR) to ensure adequate protection for the dwelling units.

Code Considerations

This is a valid approach, and may be the preferred route if the utility is uncomfortable with an SPD in the unmetered section.3.

SPDs at the Meter Banks



Pros

Definitively customer-side and should be acceptable to the utility.

Cons

Most expensive (potentially many SPDs, depending on the number of meters per bank). Requires coordination with the meter bank design. Potentially difficult to install, maintain, or replace the SPDs.

Code Considerations

This approach is compliant if each dwelling unit is protected at the meter bank.4.

SPDs at the Individual Dwelling Units



Pros

Most granular protection.

Cons

Very expensive and logistically challenging (especially in an existing building). Relies on homeowners/tenants to maintain the SPDs.

Code Considerations

This could be compliant if each dwelling unit has a properly installed SPD, but it's generally not a practical solution for multi-unit buildings where a central service upgrade is occurring.

Best Practice: Talk to the Utility FirstBefore proceeding with any design, contact the utility company that provides the electrical service. Ask them specifically about their requirements or restrictions regarding surge protection devices on service equipment, especially in unmetered sections. They may have: Preferred locations for SPD installation. Specific SPD product approvals. Requirements for metering the SPD load (though this is less common). Requirements for disconnecting means and overcurrent protection for the SPD.

Key Considerations When Selecting an SPD SCCR (Short-Circuit Current Rating)

The SPD must have an SCCR equal to or greater than the available fault current at the point of installation. This is critical for safety.

Voltage Protection Level (VPR) or Voltage Protection Rating

This indicates how well the SPD limits voltage surges. Lower is better.

Nominal Discharge Current (In)

The level of surge current the SPD can withstand repeatedly without degradation.

Mode of Protection

Ensure the SPD protects all modes (L-N, L-G, N-G, and L-L).

SPD Type

Use a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD, depending on the location. Type 1 are suitable for service entrances. Type 2 are suitable for distribution panels and branch circuits.

Recommendation1. Consult with the Utility

This is the most important step.2.

If the utility permits it, installing a single, appropriately sized SPD in the 2000A service switchboard (Section 1) is generally the simplest and most cost-effective approach.3. If the utility does not* permit it, installing SPDs at each of the four 800A switches (Section 2) is likely the next best option. This provides good protection and is typically acceptable to utilities.4. Avoid SPDs at the meter banks or dwelling units unless absolutely necessary, due to cost and logistical challenges.Remember to document all communication with the utility and keep copies of any approvals you receive. Also, ensure that the SPD installation complies with all applicable codes and standards, including manufacturer's instructions. Flag for review