You're right to question the standard practice – it's a potential code violation and a safety concern to use a non-weatherproof box in an outdoor application. Here's a breakdown of solutions to consider, addressing code compliance and long-term reliability

Understanding the Problem:
Metal Gem Boxes (Single Gang Boxes)

Standard metal gem boxes are not rated for wet locations (NEMA 3R or similar). They will rust, corrode, and can allow water to enter, potentially creating a shock hazard or short circuit.

UF Connectors

While the connector is rated for outdoor use, it's only as good as the box it's attached to.

Wood Risers

Wood is susceptible to moisture, and any water trapped around the box can accelerate rot.

Solutions (ranked in order of recommended practice)


Use Weatherproof Boxes



Option A: PVC Weatherproof Boxes

Replace the metal boxes with

PVC weatherproof boxes. These come in single-gang sizes and are specifically designed for wet locations. You'll need a PVC glue compatible with the conduit and box materials. Use the right glue, applied per the manufacturers instructions. Option B: Metal Weatherproof Boxes

Use cast aluminum or stainless steel single-gang weatherproof boxes. These are more durable but can be more expensive. Ensure they are rated NEMA 3R or better (e.g., NEMA 4 if you expect significant splashing).

For either option, use the appropriate weatherproof covers or faceplates (see below).2. Weatherproof in-use covers

Regardless of what box you decide to use, the front cover is just as important. In-use covers will allow the power to be on, but completely sealed.3.

Low Voltage Lighting (Highly Recommended)



Consider switching to a low-voltage lighting system. This offers several advantages: Safety

Lower voltage (typically 12V or 24V) significantly reduces the risk of electric shock, especially in a wet environment.

Ease of Installation

Low-voltage wiring is much easier to work with and can often be direct-buried (check your local codes).

Flexibility

Low-voltage systems are highly adaptable, allowing you to easily add or move lights.

Energy Efficiency

LED low-voltage lights are very energy-efficient.

How to implement

Run a low-voltage cable from a transformer (usually located indoors or in a protected location) to each light location. Use weatherproof connectors and fixtures specifically designed for low-voltage outdoor lighting. Consider using LED step lights designed for direct mounting on the risers (some may even have built-in transformers).4.

Indirect Lighting

Mount the lights under the tread, shining down onto the step below. This provides a softer, more diffused light and also shields the fixture from direct rain and snow. You could mount a small LED strip light under the front edge of the tread. Ensure the fixture is outdoor-rated. If doing this, consider using a flexible weatherproof connector to allow for slight movement of the wood.

Important Considerations & Best Practices



Grounding

If using metal boxes, ensure they are properly grounded according to code. Run a grounding conductor (green or bare copper) from the metal box back to the main panel's grounding bus. Bond the box using a grounding screw.

Conduit

Consider using conduit (PVC or metal) to protect the wiring from the source to the first step light. This provides extra mechanical protection and helps prevent water from entering the system.

Sealing

Use silicone caulk rated for outdoor use to seal any gaps between the box and the riser. However, allow for drainage at the bottom to prevent water from pooling inside.

Local Codes



Always consult your local electrical codes and obtain necessary permits before starting any electrical work. Codes vary from region to region, and it's essential to comply with them for safety and legal reasons. Wire Type

Always use UF (Underground Feeder) cable for outdoor wiring. It's designed to be direct-buried and is resistant to moisture and UV light.

Professional Installation

If you're unsure about any aspect of the installation, hire a qualified electrician. Working with electricity can be dangerous, and it's best to leave it to the professionals if you're not confident in your abilities.

Consider the Wood

Pressure-treated lumber is a must for the deck itself. When cutting into the wood, apply a preservative to the cut edges to prevent rot.

Example Installation (Using Weatherproof Boxes)


Select PVC Weatherproof Boxes

Choose appropriately sized PVC weatherproof boxes (single-gang) that will fit the space and accommodate the wiring.2.

Mount the Boxes

Carefully cut holes in the risers to accommodate the boxes. Seal around the box where it meets the riser with outdoor-rated caulk.3.

Wiring

Run UF cable from the power source (protected by a GFCI breaker) to the first box. Use weatherproof connectors to connect the UF cable to the boxes. Splice the wires inside the boxes using appropriate connectors (e.g., wire nuts rated for wet locations). Run UF cable to the next box, and so on.4.

Grounding (if using metal boxes)

Connect the grounding conductor to the grounding screw in each metal box.5.

Install Fixtures

Connect the step lights to the wiring inside the boxes. Use weatherproof covers or faceplates to protect the wiring and fixtures from the elements.6.

Test: After installation, test the lights to ensure they are working properly.By using weatherproof components, proper wiring techniques, and adhering to local codes, you can create a safe and reliable step lighting system that will last for years to come. The low-voltage option is highly recommended for its safety benefits and ease of installation. Flag for review