When the code says to "limit the voltage to ground" on non-current-carrying conductive materials, it means to ensure that if a fault occurs (like a live wire accidentally touching the metal enclosure), the voltage on that enclosure (relative to the actual ground, like the earth) does not rise to a dangerously high level.Here's a breakdown of what that means in practical terms: Why is it important? High voltage on exposed metal parts can create a severe electric shock hazard if someone touches it while also being in contact with the earth (like standing on a wet floor or touching a grounded pipe). Grounding prevents this by providing a low-impedance path for fault current to flow. How is voltage limited? By connecting the metal enclosure or equipment to ground, a fault (short circuit) will cause a large current to flow to the ground. This high current has two main benefits: It trips the overcurrent protection device (circuit breaker or fuse). The rapid increase in current due to the fault is designed to trip the breaker or blow the fuse very quickly, cutting off the power to the circuit. This prevents the voltage on the enclosure from remaining dangerously high for an extended period. Low impedance path. The connection to ground must be a low impedance path. This ensures that most of the voltage drop occurs across the phase conductor feeding the fault, not on the enclosure. The lower the impedance of the grounding path, the more current flows for a given voltage.* What's "dangerously high"? While the code doesn't specify an exact voltage number, the goal is to keep the voltage low enough to prevent lethal electric shock. Even relatively low voltages (24V, 50V) can be dangerous under certain conditions (wet environments, contact with bare skin).

In summary: Grounding ensures that if a fault occurs, the voltage on metal enclosures or equipment will quickly be reduced to a safe level (or near zero) and the circuit will be de-energized. It doesn't eliminate voltage entirely during a fault, but drastically reduces it to prevent electrocution hazards. Flag for review