The National Electrical Code (NEC) requires specific GFCI protection for pool equipment. Here's the breakdown and what you need to know: NEC 680.21(C)(1)

Requires that outlets supplying pool pump motors rated 15 amps or less and 120 volts through 240 volts, single-phase, must be provided with

ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) protection for personnel. NEC 680.21(C)(2)

States that equipment connected to or part of a pool that is not covered in 680.21(C)(1) must be provided with

ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) protection for personnelSo, the short answer is YES, the NEC generally requires GFCI protection for personnel, which is generally considered to be rated for 5ma.Why the 20mA Recommendation from the Installer? Nuisance Tripping

Heat pumps, especially larger ones, can sometimes cause nuisance tripping of standard 5mA GFCIs. This is due to small amounts of normal leakage current in the equipment, which, while not dangerous, can add up and trigger the GFCI.

Installer's Concern

Installers often prefer to avoid callbacks due to nuisance tripping, hence the recommendation for a higher mA rated GFCI.

The Problem with a 20mA GFCI



Compromised Safety

A 20mA GFCI offers significantly less protection against electrical shock compared to a 5mA GFCI. The 5mA GFCI is designed to trip at a level that is generally considered safe for human contact, while 20mA may not prevent a dangerous or even fatal shock.

Code Violation

The NEC requires

ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) protection for personnel, which is designed to trip at 5mAWhat to Do?1. Adhere to Code

It's crucial to prioritize safety and adhere to the NEC requirements. Use a 5mA GFCI.2.

Troubleshooting Nuisance Tripping

If you experience nuisance tripping with a 5mA GFCI, don't just replace it with a higher-rated one. Instead, troubleshoot the issue:

Check the Heat Pump

Ensure the heat pump is properly grounded and wired according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Evaluate Wiring

Inspect the wiring from the breaker to the heat pump for any damage or loose connections.

Use a High-Quality GFCI

Some GFCI brands are more sensitive than others. Try a different, reputable brand known for its reliability.

Dedicated Circuit

Ensure the heat pump is on a dedicated circuit to avoid interference from other appliances.*

Insulation Resistance Test

Have a qualified electrician perform an insulation resistance test on the heat pump to identify any insulation breakdown that might be causing leakage current.3.

Consult a Qualified Electrician

If you're unsure about any of this, consult with a licensed electrician experienced in pool electrical systems. They can properly assess the situation and recommend the best solution.

In summary: While a 20mA GFCI might solve nuisance tripping, it compromises safety and is not compliant with the NEC. Use a 5mA GFCI and address the underlying cause of any tripping issues. Flag for review